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It is also called as isotropic source or omni directional radiator or simply unipole.Īnalogue electronics Interview Questions What Is Meant By Isotropic Radiator?Ī isotropic radiator is a fictitious radiator and is defined as a radiator which radiates fields uniformly in all directions. If an e.m.f is applied to the terminals of an antenna no.1 and the current measured at the terminals of the another antenna no.2, then an equal current both in amplitude and phase will be obtained at the terminal of the antenna no.1 if the same emf is applied to the terminals of antenna no.2. This is called as "beam width" between half power points or half power beam width.(HPBW). Antenna beam width is an angular width in degrees, measured on the radiation pattern (major lobe) between points where the radiated power has fallen to half its maximum value. What Is Meant By Antenna Beam Width?Īntenna beamwidth is a measure of directivity of an antenna. W’ = I2 R Rr = W’/ I2 Where Rr is a fictitious resistance called called as radiation resistance. The antenna is a radiating device in which power is radiated into space in the form of electromagnetic wave. Antenna efficiency = Power radiated / Total input Power. The efficiency of an antenna is defined as the ratio of power radiated to the total input power supplied to the antenna. i.e FBR = Power radiated in desired direction / power radiated in the opposite direction. It is defined as the ratio of the power radiated in desired direction to the power radiated in the opposite direction. They are Elliptical polarization ,circular polarization and linear polarization.
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The polarization of the radio wave can be defined by direction in which the electric vector E is aligned during the passage of atleast one full cycle.Also polarization can also be defined the physical orientation of the radiated electromagnetic waves in space. The fields around an antenna may be divided into two principal regions. It may be defined as the ratio of the induced voltage to the incident field.i.e H= V / E.ĮDI (electronic data Interchange) Interview Questions The effective height h of an antenna is the parameter related to the aperture. i.e Aperture efficiency = hap = Ae / Ap (dimensionless). The ratio of the effective aperture to the physical aperture is the aperture efficiency. Microwave Engineering Tutorial Emc Vmax Interview Questions Physical aperture (Ap): This aperture is a measure of the physical size of the antenna.
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Loss aperture (Ae): It is the area of the antenna which dissipates power as heat.Ĭollecting aperture (Ae): It is the addition of above three apertures. Scattering aperture (As): It is the ratio of the reradiated power to the power density of the incident wave.
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Define Different Types Of Aperture?Įffective aperture (Ae): It is the area over which the power is extracted from the incident wave and delivered to the load is called effective aperture. What Are The Different Types Of Aperture? Directivity from beam area (WA).ĭigital Electronics Interview Questions The directivity of an antenna is equal to the ratio of the maximum power density P (q,f)max to its average value over a sphere as observed in the far field of an antenna.ĭ = P (q,f)max / P(q,f)av. The ratio of the main beam area to the total beam area is called beam efficiency.
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The total beam area (WA) consists of the main beam area (WM) plus the minor lobe area (Wm). The radiation intensity is independent of distance. The power radiated from an antenna per unit solid angle is called the radiation intensity U (watts per steradian or per square degree). (E Volts/m)Įlectrical and Electronics Engineering Interview Questions The energy radiated in a particular direction by an antenna is measured in terms of FIELD STRENGTH. It is a graph which shows the variation in actual field strength of the EM wave at all points which are at equal distance from the antenna.
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Radiation pattern is the relative distribution of radiated power as a function of distance in space. Antenna is also said to be an impedance transforming device.
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Antenna is a transition device or a transducer between a guided wave and a free space wave or vice-versa.